Mothers wailed uncontrollably during the burial of the victims.
A tale of blood and murder in a Benue community. There is no
justice from government or compensation from Africa’s richest man whose
business is linked to the crime.
====================
For 19-year-old Terhile Jirbo, it was another answer to the call of
nature. But when gunfire rang out that afternoon of March 18, what
seemed a harmless routine would leave a fatal scar on him and his
community in Gboko, a major town in the North-central state of Benue.
Members of Mbayion community in Gboko had responded after a soldier
shot Mr. Jirbo for emptying his bowel near the Gboko Cement factory, the
second most lucrative cement factory belonging to Africa’s richest man,
Aliko Dangote. The attacker was one of two-dozen troops securing the
multibillion-dollar factory.
In protest of the shooting, the community members marched outside the factory, and for hours, they asked for justice.
But as they hurled insults at the soldiers, asking them to leave the
community, the troops responded with gunfire, according to state
officials, witnesses, and community leaders.
Shot on the leg, one woman laid bloodied on the ground, and tried to
crawl to safety. Then, a soldier closed up on her, pointed his rifle
directly at her head and blasted, a witness said.
The woman’s brain matter splattered on another bullet-ridden victim, a
man feigning death next to her. That man survived the attack even after
a bullet ripped open his abdomen, spilling out his intestines.
When the shooting and the confusion subsided over three hours later, the death toll stood at seven – one woman, six men.
The victims – aged 36 and below – were all shot dead by troops of the Nigerian army, survivors and community members said.
By chance or fate, Mr. Jirbo, the teenager whose shooting by a
soldier ignited the fracas, survived the attack. But he would be
deformed for life, his mouth disfigured and emptied of almost all teeth
in the upper region. A member of the more than two-dozen military team
guarding the multibillion-dollar Gboko cement factory shot him in the
mouth.
His offence: relieving himself near the Dangote factory complex, and
refusing to pack the waste with his mouth when ordered to do so by the
soldier.
In the outburst of violence that followed, the soldiers shot dead
Doose Ornguze, 19, female; Luper Nongo Igber, 20, male; Timothy Terngu
Mase, 21, male; Myom Mbaume, 25, male; Aondoyima Tyokase, 26, male;
Iornenge Anum, 35, male and Aondoakura Tseeneke, 36, male.
Bodies of victims of the shooting in a hospital in Markurdi shortly before burial.
They were killed in violation of their rights to life and human
dignity as enshrined in Chapter Four of the Nigerian Constitution.
Eight others were seriously wounded in the attack, among them Thomas Igber, Sesugh Nongo, and Joseph Akpa Yaji.
Months of investigation by PREMIUM TIMES has shed light into a deadly
violation of human rights perpetrated by state forces at a time Nigeria
faces international scrutiny over human rights abuses in its war
against suspected Boko Haram militants.
Community leaders spoke of how the Dangote group and the federal
government brushed aside the killings, offered no assistance to the
families of those killed or wounded by the troops. The government, also,
has yet to punish or publicly identify those responsible for the
massacre in the town.
While the military and the Dangote group confirmed the attack and the
killings to PREMIUM TIMES, both have failed to impress the community on
the steps they took to show sympathy, offer compensation to bereaved
families or even help bury the dead.
Four months after the killings, that situation has remained the same
despite repeated petitions by the community to the highest civilian and
military authorities, including President Goodluck Jonathan, Senate
President David Mark (an indigene of Benue State), and defence minister,
Aliyu Gusau.
The Dangote group said it has reached out to the community since the
killings, but did not state exactly what help it offered, and whether or
not the offer was accepted.
But Sebastian Hon, a Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN) and an indigene
of the community punctured that claim. “We wrote to Dangote about the
killing of our youth since March but he has not found it expedient to
reply the letter,” Mr. Hon said. “He never offered any assistance
towards the treatment of the youth who sustained gunshot injuries or
contribute to the burial of the seven youth who were killed.”
The community said it decided to bear the cost of autopsy on the
victims, their embalmment and burial on behalf of the affected families,
after help failed to come from the company whose guards killed them.
Army officials and witnesses said after the shooting of Mr. Jirbo –
the man wounded in the mouth – the commander of the army unit on duty
rounded up the soldier who shot him, disarmed him, seized his belt and
beret and secured him in a guard room.
The army would not say what has happened to the soldier, or other soldiers who later opened fire on protesters, killing seven.
A spokesperson for the army, Olajide Olaleye, a Brigadier General,
told PREMIUM TIMES investigations into the incident “are continuing”.
Faeces of Death
The first gunshot that day was fired at about 1p.m., witnesses and Mr. Jirbo, who survived the shooting, said.
Mr. Jirbo had walked into the popular BCC Layout for a haircut. The
layout is named after the factory’s former name, Benue Cement Company,
before its acquisition by Mr. Dangote.
Daily, hundreds of trucks wait at the bay area to convey processed
cement to other parts of Nigeria. In queues snaking into a long
distance, the truck drivers wait for their turns, sometimes for days.
That time lag provides a bustling neighbourhood life of sorts, which
allows locals make brisk business selling everything from food to drinks
to bush meat.
There are bars and shops and salons around the area, and in some
parts, young men play snooker. Sometimes, they play against the military
guards, with whom they also share drinks occasionally.
But despite the heavy human and vehicular activities in the vicinity,
the government failed to provide basic facilities such as toilets in
the area, which sits just by the Dangote cement factory.
The area is
overgrown with tall weeds and marked by broken walls of what used to be a
perimeter wall separating the cement factory from Mbayion community.
When pressed to ease themselves, locals and drivers use nearby bushes.
Mr. Jirbo recalled playing snooker with a popular soldier among the
guards, known by his nickname 13-13, that March morning. After the game,
he stopped at one of the salons for a haircut, and headed for the bush
afterwards to relieve himself.
He was tidying himself up to leave when a soldier manning one of the
security posts inside the expansive factory accosted him, and challenged
him for defecating in the area, Mr. Jirbo said.
He argued that the space was not part of Dangote’s property, and
besides, it was a common practice for people within the layout to clear
their bowels there.
That explanation failed to impress the soldier who barked orders at
the teenager, asking him to pack the waste with his mouth and threatened
to shoot if he failed. Mr. Jirbo said he pleaded and asked to use his
hands.
Jirbo after surgeries.
The situation degenerated in seconds, and the soldier pointed his
rifle at Mr. Jirbo’s mouth while ordering him to act fast or risk being
shot, the survivor recalled.
Mr. Jirbo failed to comply, and the price was horrific. The bullet
tore his mouth open, ripped it of almost all teeth and threw him to the
ground. He managed to spring back to his feet, and then ran into the
community where he collapsed.
“The soldier was inside the security post at the trailer park,” he
narrated to PREMIUM TIMES. “I saw two soldiers but it was one of them
that shot at me.” His account of the incident was corroborated by other
witnesses.
On a recent visit to Mbayion months after the attack, he sat on a
wooden chair, his face contorted as he struggled to answer our
reporter’s questions with his now severely stitched mouth. He sounded
furious as he spoke.
Jirbo before the attack.
Midway into the interview, Mr. Jirbo’s uncle fetched the boy’s
picture before the attack. The difference was clear and heart wrenching.
A stocky young man, he lost his two parents in 2012. Since their
deaths, he has lived with an uncle, Moses Garba, and worked as a loader
at the Gboko Timber Market.
The attack on Mr. Jirbo would unleash horror on the laid back Mbayion community.
Hurls of abuses, hail of bullets
As news of the shooting spread within the community, angry youth gathered for a protest.
For them, the attack was one too many from soldiers they accused of
everything – from incessant harassment of residents to snatching of
their girlfriends.
In a short time, dozens of youth swarmed the trailer park, where for
hours, they cursed the soldiers, taunted them and their families, asked
for justice and demanded they leave the town, witnesses said.
As the number of protesters grew, the demand became even more
forceful, with some youth asking that the trigger-happy soldier be
handed over to the community in addition to the troops leaving the area.
“The youths didn’t throw even a stone or stick. They were simply
insulting the soldiers and asking them to leave the community,” said
Yaji Gaav, an indigene of the community who arrived at the scene shortly
after the shooting.
Mr. Gaav contested the claim that where Mr. Jirbo used as toilet was part of the Dangote property.
“The impression people who have not been there have is that the place
in question is a fenced area within the company. Of course, that is not
true. It is an open place. People go in and out of the place without
hindrance and people even go there to defecate,” he said.
PREMIUM TIMES visited the scene. It did not fall within the Dangote
complex, and clearly bore the filthy markings of a site routinely used
as public toilet.
The siege by the youth on the property continued even after the
commander of the military unit, an officer identified as Prince,
arranged for the injured man to be taken to Penuel Hospital in Gboko,
where he was treated.
To forestall a breakdown of order, Prince summoned the Mbayion
community youth leader, Iorwuese Chamegh, and explained to him that a
soldier had “mistakenly” shot a teenager, and requested that he helped
pacify the protesters.
“When I got there, he (Prince) told me that a soldier made a mistake
by shooting a boy in the mouth. As we were talking, our youths were
shouting and asking the soldiers to go. The youths neither threw stones
nor sticks at the soldiers. It was just verbal attacks,” Mr. Chamegh
said.
“They were defenceless; there was no aggression on their part. Even
if there was aggression, they were not armed and we begin to wonder why
soldiers should be sent to guard private premises when there is no war,”
said Sebastine Hon, a Senior Advocate of Nigeria, an indigene of the
community.
But what followed just as the commander and the youth leader spoke, shook the small town and left blood on its streets.
Mr. Chamegh said as he tried to pacify the youth who had thronged the
area, the military commander asked him to leave immediately.
He turned to leave, then gunfire rang out.
“I heard gunshots and saw somebody falling down at my back. I started
running. I am not sure Prince (military commander) was involved in the
shooting because he was leaving the place on a motorbike just as the
shooting started,” he said.
Witnesses say the military, not able to stomach the taunts, went
berserk not long after the gunshot victim was taken to hospital, and
started shooting at the youth and pursuing them into the community.
It was unclear who ordered the shootings. There is no evidence that
the Dangote Cement Company did. But PREMIUM TIMES confirmed that the
rampaging troops blocked the Gboko/Makurdi highway and advanced deep
into the surrounding communities, chasing fleeing demonstrators and
shooting at them.
Joseph Akpa Yaji, 24, who witnessed the incident, was shot in the
back as he tried to help the only woman killed in the attack. The bullet
penetrated his back and exited from the stomach, spilling his
intestines out. As he lay on the ground next to the girl he attempted to
save.
He played dead to survive.
“I pretended as if I was dead while the girl was still struggling to get up and run away.”
Then a soldier walked close to the two, apparently attracted by the
girl’s attempt to crawl to safety, and fired shots point blank into her
head, Mr. Yaji said.
“The girl’s brain and blood covered my body and the soldier, who
might have thought I was dead, left the place,” he said, his face
contorted in anger and grief.
The military would not give details of what happened or how it happened beyond saying that investigations were ongoing.
The police also said investigations were continuing in cooperation with the military.
The body of the slain protesters remained in the open until the
evening of that day when the Chairman of Gboko local government council,
Nathan Zenda, and other leaders of the town, walked round the town
collecting bodies of those killed.
In addition to that of the woman, six more bodies of young men were
retrieved. The remains were transferred to the University Teaching
Hospital, Makurdi, for autopsy and embalmment.
An outraged paramount ruler of Gboko, Gabriel Shosum, the Ter Gboko
II, told PREMIUM TIMES the killings were “one of the highest level of
provocations” against the people of his kingdom.
History of Distrust
The former Benue Cement Company, [BCC], originally partly owned by
the Nigerian government and the Benue State government, was bought by
Aliko Dangote in 2004 under the government’s privatisation programme.
At more than three million tons of cement output yearly, the Gboko
factory is only second to the Obajana plant in Kogi State – key
contributors to Mr. Dangote’s lightning wealth rise that has seen him
become Africa’s richest man, worth $24 billion.
The Dangote Cement Plc is Nigeria’s largest cement manufacturer with
ambitious plans to expand into 14 other African countries. Dangote
Cement is the largest company on the Nigerian Stock Exchange, having
listed its shares in October 2010.
The company insists it has done well for its host community.
“For that community, we have done so much,” Anthony Chiejina, a
spokesperson for the Dangote Group, told PREMIUM TIMES. “If you check,
just last month, the group reached out to displaced persons in the
state. The governor was there and everybody attended. We gave items
worth more than N45 million to the community. We went with 15 truck load
of relief items.”
The company also listed a N10 million scholarships provided to
indigenes of the area, and the provision of a clinic as some of its
corporate social responsibility projects.
But the community insists the company was is not doing enough. Locals
say accessing the scholarship has remained frustrating, and question
why the victims of the attack were taken elsewhere if the medical
facility in the community was functional.
“If a company is situated in a community, there are some amenities
the people are supposed to enjoy. Gboko community is not enjoying
anything from Dangote,” said Mr. Shosum, the paramount ruler of the
area.
For years, those concerns bred tension between the Dangote firm and
the community. That anger exploded in 2011 when locals pushed for
improved opportunities, a re-enactment of the frequent friction in the
Niger Delta between host communities and oil multinationals.
As trouble flared that year following the killing of a local,
allegedly by a cement truck, anti-riot police and soldiers were deployed
to the community to keep the peace. The soldiers would stay permanently
eventually.
Some community members wondered why soldiers, instead of police officers, were drafted to guard a private property.
The spokesperson for the Nigeria Army, Brigadier General Olaleye,
said as Africa’s richest and the biggest private sector employer of
labour in the country, the Nigerian government has a duty to keep Mr.
Dangote’s businesses safe, when threatened.
“Once an area has been labelled a high risk area, whether it is
public, private or otherwise, it is our duty to provide adequate
security. Internal security is our business,” Mr. Olaleye said.
“For instance, churches, schools and other organizations that are not
owned by the government are being guarded by the military now. Is there
any state where Nigerian soldiers are not deployed now?” he said.
Convoy of seven coffins
After a long wait and police procedures, on May 9, exactly 41 days
after the murders, heartbroken Mbayion people set out for Makurdi, the
Benue State capital, to receive the bodies for burial.
Local leaders and the community’s own brightest, including the SAN,
Mr. Hon, and retired service men, set out to Makurdi for a trip that
would return seven coffins home.
After identification by family members, the wooden caskets were lined
outside the morgue at 3.45p.m and set for the journey from Makurdi to
Gboko, about 73 kilometres.
Relatives wailed and sobbed. Women cried and wiped their soggy eyes with the tips of their wrappers.
The woman who was shot in the head that day was the only female killed in the attack.
Doose was the only woman killed in the attack. A soldier shot her point blank in the head.
Since losing her parents years back, 19-year-old Doose Ornguze, a
resident of Tsekucha, near Mbayion, had managed to provide parental
cover to her two younger siblings, drawing support from her yam trade, a
thriving business in Benue State.
Against all odds, she kept herself and siblings in school and
maintained a small house their parents left behind. One of the two
siblings, Samuel, was in Port Harcourt when he was told that Doose had
been shot and killed.
“My sister suffered so much to provide for me and my younger sister,” he lamented.
After due examination attended by half a dozen pathologists, the Benue
State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, confirmed the seven victims
died of gunshots.
But its verdict of what happened to Ms. Ornguze turned out most ghastly.
The hospital identified the following as the cause of death: “Blunt
force trauma to the left aspect of the skull with comminute skull
fracture and extensive brain laceration, bone and brain tissue loss.
Caused by a very fast moving object like a bullet shot from a fairly
close range”.
The mechanism of death was found to be: “Brain laceration with extensive brain loss”.
Zungwenen Mase, the father of one of the victims said his son, a
truck driver, went to the parking bay to retrieve his trailer when a
bullet caught him. He said his only demand was for Dangote to leave
Gboko.
“My son was innocent. My son didn’t commit any crime. Why Dangote? Why would you kill my son?” Mr. Mase queried.
But it was the sight of a mother, who convulsed and twisted in angst
as she watched the coffin of her son brought out of the morgue, that
threw the crowd into fits of sobs and tears.
Memshima Nongo is the mother of 20-year-old Lupe Nongo Igber, who was
also killed. Mrs. Nongo said her complaint was appropriately laid to
the community and she hoped the authorities would act.
“Lupe why have you decided to go now? Who will close my eyes when I
die? Please God; don’t allow the death of my innocent child to go
unpunished,” she wailed continuously.
Also an indigene of Tsekucha, in Mbayion, Mr. Igber was also unable
to complete secondary education. He trained as truck driver, like many
who ferry cement from Dangote’s factory. It was a living that supported
Mr. Igber, his wife, a child, mother, brothers and sisters.
The first truck driver whose father wanted Dangote out of town, was
Timothy Terngu Mase, 21, male. He was an indigene of Tse Shie, Mbagar,
Mbayion. As a driver, he served with a private company in Obajana, Kogi
State, where Mr. Dangote has another cement plant.
He was home on a visit to his family when the troops invaded his community.
Mr. Mase’s dream was building a truck-driving school in Gboko to
enable indigent youths acquire the skill which had made him
self-reliant. When the bullets flew in his town, he was hit in the
heart.
Myom Mbaume, 25, male, was also killed.
A small scale grower of yam, millet, guinea corn and maize, from
Tsekucha, he left behind a wife, two children, a mother and five
siblings. His devastating family said they needed nothing but justice
for his killers.
In the fourth coffin was Aondoyima Tyokase, 26, male from Tombo,
Mbatsaase Tse-Orban in Buruku Local Government Area also of Benue State.
Without an education, he trained as a barber and opened a shop near
Dangote Cement factory.
Popularly known as Chief Barber, it was Mr.
Tyokase who barbed most of the guards at Mr.
Dangote’s expansive plant.
When troops came calling with their bullets, that familiarity did not
help.
Iornenge Anum, 35, male, an indigene of Igber, Tsekucha, was next. He
was a carpenter and his workshop was located near the cement factory.
Mr. Anum left behind a wife and three daughters, all in primary school.
Then there was Aondoakura Tseeneke, a 36-year-old man and the oldest
of those killed. He had three wives and five children. He was an
indigene of Tse Hon, Mbawav, Mbayion in Gboko Local Government Area. Mr.
Tseeneke sold retailed cooking gas at a shop near Dangote Cement
Company. The rampaging soldiers shot him in front of his house,
witnesses said.
The University Teaching Hospital confirmed all died of gunshots.
Loaded one atop another on a Dyna mini-truck, the bodies left Makurdi at
about 4.00 p.m. for Gboko.
After a two-hour drive, the delegation
arrived. And one after the other, the community leaders returned the
corpses of the slain youth to their families.
As the coffins were offloaded from the truck, wails and cries rented
the air. The community leaders advised that each family conduct private
burials to keep the tension down. The crowd called for justice.
Fading justice
Since the shooting, the community has made no progress in its search for justice, leaving a lasting outrage among residents.
The community said it wrote letters to President Goodluck Jonathan;
Mr. Dangote; the Inspector-General of Police, Mohammed Abubakar; the
National Security Adviser, Sambo Dasuki, among others, seeking redress.
No reply came at the time of this report.
Police spokesperson for Benue State, confirmed the attacks, but said investigations were ongoing.
“As it is now, the investigation is still on. We are liaising with
the military to ensure that the perpetrators are brought to book. I can
assure you that whoever committed any crime will be brought to justice,”
said Daniel Ezeala, of the Benue State Police Command.
The National Human Rights Commission said its investigation was ongoing as well, and would be made public once ready.
Anthony Chiejina, a spokesperson for Dangote Group, however told
PREMIUM TIMES the company was in discussions with the community.
He denied the company failed to respond appropriately to the tragedy.
“Who is telling you that? Mr. Chiejina asked. “We have been having
rapprochement with the community. We cannot sweep the matter under the
carpet because lives were involved and being a responsible company,
there is no way we would deny that lives were not lost.”
He added: “Anybody telling you that nothing has been done is unfair.
Lives were involved and even if it was one person, it is life and has to
be taken very seriously.”
That claim was rejected by the paramount ruler of Gboko.
“We have not received any response to our letters to Mr. Dangote or any of these people,” Mr. Shosum said.
On Mr. Chiejina’s claim that Mr. Dangote has done so much for the
people of the area, the paramount ruler said, “I have never seen it. In
fact, there is no clean water for residents of the factory environs.
There is no hospital there. There is absolutely nothing there.”
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